In the advent of the Energy Strategy 2050, the energy sector is faced with a fundamental transition towards more sustainable modes of production and consumption. This transition encompasses the development and diffusion of novel technologies as well as the substitution and phase-out of existing technologies. We will see technological innovations, new services, new business opportunities and novel industries emerge, while existing ones decline. Furthermore, we might see an increasing number of small-scale, decentralized infrastructure projects to be realized in a limited and environmentally sensitive space.